HSK 5 grammar · new HSK syllabus
由: by, made up of
由…组成 = made up of; 由 + person + 负责 = handled by.
Structure
- A + 由 + B + 组成 / 构成
- Task + 由 + person + verb
How it works
由…组成 says what something consists of: 这个班由二十个学生组成.
由 + person + verb says who is responsible for something: 这件事由我负责 = I’m in charge of this.
由于, a separate word, means “because of”.
Examples
-
我们公司由三个部门组成。
Our company is made up of three departments.
-
这次活动由王老师负责。
Teacher Wang is in charge of this event.
-
比赛的结果由大家投票决定。
The result will be decided by everyone’s vote.
-
这个词由两个字组成。
This word consists of two characters.
-
晚饭由我来做吧。
Let me make dinner.
Words in these examples (27)
| 我们 | wǒmen | we; us | HSK 1 |
| 公司 | gōngsī | company; firm | HSK 1 |
| 由 | yóu | by; from | HSK 4 |
| 三 | sān | three | HSK 1 |
| 个 | gè | (general measure word) | HSK 1 |
| 部门 | bùmén | department | HSK 4 |
| 组成 | zǔchéng | to form; to make up; to constitute | HSK 5 |
| 这 | zhè | this | HSK 1 |
| 次 | cì | time (occurrence), as in 三次 "three times" | HSK 2 |
| 活动 | huódòng | activity; event | HSK 4 |
| 老师 | lǎoshī | teacher | HSK 1 |
| 负责 | fùzé | to be responsible for; responsible | HSK 4 |
| 比赛 | bǐsài | match; competition | HSK 3 |
| 的 | de | (particle linking a describer to a noun, like "'s") | HSK 1 |
| 结果 | jiéguǒ | result; as a result | HSK 4 |
| 大家 | dàjiā | everyone | HSK 1 |
| 投票 | tóupiào | to vote; to cast a vote | HSK 6 |
| 决定 | juédìng | to decide; decision | HSK 3 |
| 这个 | zhège | this one | HSK 1 |
| 词 | cí | word | HSK 2 |
| 两 | liǎng | two (before a measure word) | HSK 1 |
| 字 | zì | character; word (written) | HSK 1 |
| 晚饭 | wǎnfàn | dinner | HSK 1 |
| 我 | wǒ | I; me | HSK 1 |
| 来 | lái | to come | HSK 1 |
| 做 | zuò | to do; to make | HSK 1 |
| 吧 | ba | (particle for suggestions: "let's…", "…, OK?") | HSK 1 |
Common mistakes
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✗这个班组成由二十个学生。
✓这个班由二十个学生组成。
Order: A 由 B 组成.
-
✗这件事被我负责。
✓这件事由我负责。
Responsibility uses 由, not 被.
Check yourself
Choose the word that fills the gap.
1. 这本书 十个故事组成。
2. 这个项目由他 。
3. 会议的时间 经理决定。