HSK 5 grammar · new HSK syllabus
从而, 可见, 总之: thus, so we can see, in short
Formal connectors: 从而 = thereby; 可见 = this shows that; 总之 = in short.
Structure
- …，从而 + result
- …，可见 + conclusion
- 总之，+ summary
How it works
从而 links an action to the result it brings about, in formal writing: 改进了技术，从而提高了效率.
可见 draws a conclusion from evidence: 他连这个都不知道，可见没好好准备.
总之 sums up: 总之，学习语言没有捷径.
Examples
-
公司改进了管理方法，从而提高了工作效率。
The company improved its management and so raised efficiency.
-
他每天都来得最早，可见他很重视这份工作。
He’s always first in, which shows he takes the job seriously.
-
总之，只要坚持，就一定会成功。
In short, if you persist, you will succeed.
-
多读多写可以积累词汇，从而提高写作能力。
Reading and writing a lot builds vocabulary and so improves writing.
-
这么多人排队，可见这家店很受欢迎。
So many people queuing shows how popular this shop is.
Words in these examples (44)
| 公司 | gōngsī | company; firm | HSK 1 |
| 改进 | gǎijìn | to improve; to make better; improvement | HSK 5 |
| 了 | le | (particle marking a completed action or a change) | HSK 1 |
| 管理 | guǎnlǐ | to manage; management | HSK 4 |
| 方法 | fāngfǎ | method; way | HSK 3 |
| 从而 | cóng’ér | thus; thereby | HSK 5 |
| 提高 | tígāo | to raise; to improve | HSK 3 |
| 工作 | gōngzuò | to work; job; work | HSK 1 |
| 效率 | xiàolǜ | efficiency | HSK 5 |
| 他 | tā | he; him | HSK 1 |
| 每 | měi | every; each | HSK 2 |
| 天 | tiān | day; sky | HSK 1 |
| 都 | dōu | all; both | HSK 1 |
| 来 | lái | to come | HSK 1 |
| 得 | de | (particle after a verb before a description of how it is done, as in 说得很好) | HSK 2 |
| 最 | zuì | most | HSK 2 |
| 早 | zǎo | early; good morning | HSK 1 |
| 可见 | kějiàn | it can clearly be seen (that this is the case); it is (thus) clear; clear | HSK 5 |
| 很 | hěn | very | HSK 1 |
| 重视 | zhòngshì | to value; to take seriously | HSK 4 |
| 这 | zhè | this | HSK 1 |
| 份 | fèn | (measure word for portions, newspapers, documents, jobs) | HSK 4 |
| 总之 | zǒngzhī | in a word; in short; in brief | HSK 5 |
| 只要 | zhǐyào | as long as | HSK 3 |
| 坚持 | jiānchí | to keep at it; to insist | HSK 3 |
| 就 | jiù | then; just; right away; only | HSK 2 |
| 一定 | yídìng | certainly; surely | HSK 3 |
| 会 | huì | can; to know how to | HSK 1 |
| 成功 | chénggōng | to succeed; success | HSK 4 |
| 多 | duō | many; much; (in questions) how | HSK 1 |
| 读 | dú | to read (aloud); to study | HSK 1 |
| 写 | xiě | to write | HSK 1 |
| 可以 | kěyǐ | can; may | HSK 1 |
| 积累 | jīlěi | to accumulate; to build up | HSK 4 |
| 词汇 | cíhuì | vocabulary; list of words (e.g. for language teaching purposes); word | HSK 5 |
| 写作 | xiězuò | to write; to compose; writing | HSK 5 |
| 能力 | nénglì | ability | HSK 4 |
| 这么 | zhème | so; this (much) | HSK 2 |
| 人 | rén | person; people | HSK 1 |
| 排队 | páiduì | to queue; to line up | HSK 4 |
| 家 | jiā | home; family; (measure word for shops and companies) | HSK 1 |
| 店 | diàn | shop; store | HSK 1 |
| 受 | shòu | to receive; to suffer | HSK 3 |
| 欢迎 | huānyíng | to welcome; welcome | HSK 3 |
Common mistakes
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✗从而他很高兴。
✓他通过了考试，从而获得了奖学金。
从而 links an action to its result; it doesn’t start a sentence alone.
-
✗可见，我明天去。
✓总之，我明天去。
可见 draws a conclusion from evidence; to sum up, use 总之.
Check yourself
Choose the word that fills the gap.
1. 他找到了新方法， 解决了问题。
2. 他每次都考第一， 他学习很努力。
3. ，这次活动非常成功。