HSK 2 grammar · new HSK syllabus
Result complements: 看完, 听懂, 写错
A second word after the verb says the result: 听懂 understand (by listening), 做完 finish doing.
Structure
- Verb + result (+ 了) + object
- 没 + verb + result
How it works
Chinese often adds a result to a verb. The verb says what you did, the result says what happened: 看 look + 见 see = 看见 see; 听 listen + 懂 understand = 听懂.
Common results at HSK 2: 完 finished, 懂 understood, 错 wrong, 好 done properly, 会 learned to.
The negative uses 没: 我没听懂. To say you can’t, use 不 in the middle: 听不懂.
Examples
-
我看完这本书了。
Wǒ kàn wán zhè běn shū le.
I’ve finished reading this book.
-
老师说的话你听懂了吗？
Lǎoshī shuō dehuà nǐ tīng dǒng le ma?
Did you understand what the teacher said?
-
对不起，我写错了。
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ xiě cuò le.
Sorry, I wrote it wrong.
-
饭做好了，来吃吧。
Fàn zuò hǎo le, lái chī ba.
Dinner’s ready. Come and eat.
-
我还没学会开车。
Wǒ hái méi xué huì kāichē.
I haven’t learned to drive yet.
Words in these examples (27)
| 我 | wǒ | I; me | HSK 1 |
| 看 | kàn | to look; to watch; to read | HSK 1 |
| 完 | wán | to finish; to be over | HSK 2 |
| 这 | zhè | this | HSK 1 |
| 本 | běn | (measure word for books) | HSK 1 |
| 书 | shū | book | HSK 1 |
| 了 | le | (particle marking a completed action or a change) | HSK 1 |
| 老师 | lǎoshī | teacher | HSK 1 |
| 说 | shuō | to say; to speak | HSK 1 |
| 的话 | dehuà | (after a clause) if… | HSK 3 |
| 你 | nǐ | you | HSK 1 |
| 听 | tīng | to listen; to hear | HSK 1 |
| 懂 | dǒng | to understand | HSK 2 |
| 吗 | ma | (question particle for yes/no questions) | HSK 1 |
| 对不起 | duìbuqǐ | sorry | HSK 1 |
| 写 | xiě | to write | HSK 1 |
| 错 | cuò | wrong; mistake | HSK 2 |
| 饭 | fàn | meal; cooked rice | HSK 1 |
| 做 | zuò | to do; to make | HSK 1 |
| 好 | hǎo | good; well | HSK 1 |
| 来 | lái | to come | HSK 1 |
| 吃 | chī | to eat | HSK 1 |
| 吧 | ba | (particle for suggestions: "let's…", "…, OK?") | HSK 1 |
| 还 | hái | still; also | HSK 1 |
| 学 | xué | to learn; to study | HSK 1 |
| 会 | huì | can; to know how to | HSK 1 |
| 开车 | kāichē | to drive (a car) | HSK 1 |
Common mistakes
-
✗我不听懂。
✓我没听懂。/ 我听不懂。
没 for “didn’t”, or 不 in the middle for “can’t”.
-
✗我看了完。
✓我看完了。
The result goes directly after the verb, then 了.
Check yourself
Choose the word that fills the gap.
1. 我做 作业了，可以玩儿了。
2. 他说得太快，我没听 。
3. 这个字你写 了，再写一遍。